航天器结构健康监测技术研究进展

Research Progress on Spacecraft Structural Health Monitoring Technology

摘要:

随着空间碎片数量的逐年增加，以及航天器任务复杂度与极端环境适应性要求的不断提高，航天器结构的运行状况、损伤诊断、寿命预测与可靠安全性评估，显得尤为重要。航天器结构健康监测技术作为有效手段，通过布置于结构中的传感系统，获取结构特征信息并经算法处理，分析评估结构状态，从而确保航天器各阶段的安全稳定运行。本文聚焦于航天器结构健康监测的关键技术，首先从信息获取的传感端，综述了光纤传感、声发射传感、声表面波传感的技术特征、应用现状、当前问题与发展方向，随后介绍了传感系统部署方法与信息处理的诊断评估算法研究进展，最后总结展望了航天器结构健康监测技术的发展趋势与主要挑战。

Abstract:

With the increasing number of space debris and the increasing complexity of spacecraft missions as well as the requirements for adaptability to extreme environments, the operational status, damage diagnosis, life prediction and reliable safety assessment of spacecraft structure are particularly important. Operating as an effective approach, spacecraft structural health monitoring obtains structural feature information through sensor systems deployed in the structure， analyzes and evaluates the structural status through algorithm processing, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the spacecraft at all stages. This paper focuses on the key technologies of spacecraft structural health monitoring. Firstly, from the sensor end of information acquisition, the technical characteristics, application status, current problems and development directions of optical fiber sensing, acoustic emission sensing and surface acoustic wave sensing are reviewed. Then, the research progress of sensor deployment methods and diagnostic evaluation algorithms for information processing is introduced. Secondly, the development trends and main challenges of spacecraft structural health monitoring are summarized and prospected.